Jurnal Administrasi Pendidikan Indonesia https://ejournal2.undiksha.ac.id/index.php/jurnal_ap <p>Jurnal Administrasi Pendidikan Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Educational Administration) with ISSN <a href="https://issn.brin.go.id/terbit/detail/1512958047">2613-9561</a> (printed) and ISSN <a href="https://issn.brin.go.id/terbit/detail/1567537944">2686-245X</a> (Online)] is an open-access peer-reviewed journal published by the Postgraduate Program of Ganesha University of Education. The inaugural issue of Jurnal Administrasi Pendidikan Indonesia appeared in 2010. Starting 2018, Jurnal Administrasi Pendidikan Indonesia publishes two issues annually (<strong>June</strong> and <strong>December</strong>).</p> <p>Jurnal Administrasi Pendidikan Indonesia is a nationally accredited journal based on the Decree of the Indonesian Minister of Research, Technology, and Higher Education Number 200/M/KPT/2020 which is valid for 5 years since enacted on December 23, 2020.</p> <p>Jurnal Administrasi Pendidikan Indonesia has already been a member of Crossref and, therefore, all the published research papers will be given a unique DOI number. Jurnal Administrasi Pendidikan Indonesia is currently indexed in Google Scholar, Sinta, Garuda, and Dimensions.</p> Pascasarjana Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha en-US Jurnal Administrasi Pendidikan Indonesia 2613-9561 Implementation of the School/Madrasah Accreditation Assessment System in BAN-S/M Bali Province in 2022 as a Form of Digital Government in the Education Sector https://ejournal2.undiksha.ac.id/index.php/jurnal_ap/article/view/1829 <p><em>This study aims to 1) analyze the implementation of the School/Madrasah Accreditation Assessment System at BAN-S/M Bali Province in 2022 as a form of digital government in the education sector in terms of input, process and output variables, 2) find out the benefits and obstacles of implementing an accreditation assessment system Schools/Madrasahs in BAN-S/M Bali Province in 2022 As a Form of Digital Government in the Education Sector.</em> <em>This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The determination of informants in this study used a purposive sampling technique in determining research informants. Data collection techniques using interviews, observation, and documentation from primary data and secondary data. The collected data were analyzed using interactive analysis (interactive model of analysis). The results showed that the implementation of the S/M Sispena in the Bali Province BAN-S/M facilitated school/madrasah accreditation activities carried out by the Bali Province BAN-S/M because the accreditation process went through the S/M Sispena starting from input, process, and output. In terms of input, Sispena S/M has been effective starting from the socialization that was carried out to filling in the School/Madrasah accreditation data entry; from a process standpoint, Sispena S/M is effectively used when mapping adequacy assessments, mapping visits, validation mapping, and assessments by assessors; and from an output perspective, Sispena S/M is very practical. Schools/madrasas can download the accreditation certificate directly from the Sispena S/M account. M and see the recommendations for accreditation results which are used as a reference for improving the quality of education in schools/madrasas. The main obstacle in implementing the S/M Sispena is the unavailability of an internet network at schools/madrasahs which hinders filling in accreditation entry data at Sispena because the S/M Sispena is a web-based system that must be connected to the internet network to operate it. </em></p> I Kadek Nurhayadi Kadek Rihendra Dantes I Gusti Ketut Arya Sunu Copyright (c) 2023 I Kadek Nurhayadi, Kadek Rihendra Dantes, I Gusti Ketut Arya Sunu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 2023-12-31 2023-12-31 14 2 161 170 10.23887/jurnal_ap.v14i2.1829 Contribution of Compensation, Motivation, Infrastructure and Work Environment to the Performance of Non-Certified Teachers at Private Madrasah Tsanawiyah (MTs) in Tabanan Regency https://ejournal2.undiksha.ac.id/index.php/jurnal_ap/article/view/1858 <p><em>This study aims to determine the magnitude of the significant simultaneous contribution between compensation, motivation, infrastructure and work environment on the performance of non-certified teachers at private Madrasah Tsanawiyah (MTs) in Tabanan Regency. The type of research used in this study is quantitative using a correlational study type of research. The population in this study were teachers at private Madrasah Tsanawiiyah in Tabanan Regency, both those with ASN status, Permanent Foundation Teachers or Non-Permanent (Honorary) Teachers. Sampling uses saturated sampling, namely 58 teachers. Methods of data collection by observation, questionnaires, interviews, and documentation. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive analysis, Simple Linear Regression Analysis, and Multiple Regression Linear Analysis, as well as t test and F Level Significance test. The results of the study show that there is a significant simultaneous contribution of compensation, motivation, infrastructure and work environment to the performance of non-certified teachers at private Madrasah Tsanawiyah (MTs) in Tabanan Regency. 66% of teacher performance is influenced by compensation, motivation, infrastructure and work environment, the rest is influenced by other factors not mentioned in this study</em></p> Tri Ayu Wahyuni I Gusti Ketut Arya Sunu Kadek Rihendra Dantes Copyright (c) 2023 Tri Ayu Wahyuni, I Gusti Ketut Arya Sunu, Kadek Rihendra Dantes https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 2023-12-31 2023-12-31 14 2 171 180 10.23887/jurnal_ap.v14i2.1858 Analyzing the Availability of Facilities and Infrastructure in Improving the Quality of Education at SD Inpress Sarudu IV, West Sulawesi https://ejournal2.undiksha.ac.id/index.php/jurnal_ap/article/view/1862 <p><em>This study aims to describe what efforts have been made to overcome obstacles related to the provision of elementary education facilities and infrastructure in improving the quality of elementary school education at SD Inpress Sarudu IV, West Sulawesi. This research will be designed into qualitative research where research focuses on phenomena that occur in the field. This study uses a case study approach in observing the phenomena found. This study uses snowballing techniques in determining research subjects. Methods of data collection by observation, interviews, surveys and documentation. The data obtained were analyzed with Data Reduction, Data Display, Conclusion Drawing, the results of the study showed that the facilities and infrastructure of SD Inpress Sarudu IV West Sulawesi were well available. The facilities and infrastructure at SD Inpress Sarudu IV West Sulawesi are in accordance with the Regulation of the Minister of National Education of the Republic of Indonesia No. 24 of 2007 concerning Standards of Facilities and Infrastructure for Elementary Schools/Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (SD/MI), the condition of infrastructure is in good and adequate conditio</em><em>n.</em></p> Ezri Gusti Arruan I Gusti Ayu Purnamawati Basilius Redan Werang Copyright (c) 2023 Ezri Gusti Arruan, I Gusti Ayu Purnamawati, Basilius Redan Werang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 2023-12-31 2023-12-31 14 2 181 189 10.23887/jurnal_ap.v14i2.1862 Evaluation of the Holistically Integrative Professor and Associate Professor Acceleration Service Program at the Ganesha University of Education https://ejournal2.undiksha.ac.id/index.php/jurnal_ap/article/view/1851 <p>This study aims: 1) To determine the effectiveness of the holistically integrative accelerated service program for professors and associate professors at Ganesha University of Education from the context component, 2) To determine the effectiveness of the holistically integrative accelerated service program for professors and associate professors at Ganesha University of Education from the components input, 3) To determine the effectiveness of the holistically integrative accelerated service program for professors and associate professors at Ganesha University of Education from the process component, 4) To determine the effectiveness of the holistically integrative accelerated service program for professors and associate professors at Ganesha University of Education from the product component, 5) To find out the effectiveness of the holistically integrative accelerated service program for professors and associate professors at Ganesha University of Education from the components of context, input, process, product. The research was conducted at the Ganesha Singaraja University of Education. The sampling technique used in this study used a purposive sampling technique. The data collection method is by distributing questionnaires to professors and associate professors. The steps of data analysis are as follows; 1) Change the raw score into a Z score (z-score), 2) Change the score of each CIPP variable into a T-Score, 3) Determine the direction of the T-Score of the Context, Input, Process and Product variables, 4) Determine the direction of the T- score into the Glickman quadrant. The results obtained as a whole for the holistically integrative accelerated service program for professors and associate professors at the Ganesha University of Education in terms of context, input, process, and the product obtained very effective results (+ + + +). This program needs to be maintained and continued because it has been proven to be able to improve university quality through increasing the number of professors and associate professors at Ganesha University of Education.</p> Ni Kadek Sumiani I Gusti Ketut Arya Sunu I Gusti Ayu Purnamawati Copyright (c) 2023 Ni Kadek Sumiani, I Gusti Ketut Arya Sunu, I Gusti Ayu Purnamawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 2023-12-31 2023-12-31 14 2 190 201 10.23887/jurnal_ap.v14i2.1851 The Effect of Human Values Lessons, Meditation, Mindfulness Practices and Calming Bells on the Character Building of Nanyang Zhi Hui High School Students in Medan https://ejournal2.undiksha.ac.id/index.php/jurnal_ap/article/view/1860 <p><em>This study aims to determine the effect of several variables, namely: (1) Human Values ​​lessons, (2) meditation, (3) mindfulness practices (4) calming bells together on the character building of Nanyang Zhi Hui High School students in Medan. The population in this study were 182 students of Nanyang Zhi Hui High School. Determination of the sample in this study using Inferential Statistics technique, which took a sample of SMA Nanyang Zhi Hui Medan. The data in this study were collected using a questionnaire component of the context of the Lesson of Human Values, meditation, mindfulness practices, calming bells and character. Data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis. The results showed that: (1) there was a significant influence of human values ​​on the formation of student character with an effect of 25.06%, (2) there was a significant effect of meditation on the formation of student character with an effect of 2.63%, (3) there is a significant effect of mindfulness practice on the formation of student character with an effect of 14.71%, (4) there is a significant effect of the calming bell on the formation of student character with an effect of 6.01%, and (5) together, there is significant influence of human values, meditation, mindful practices, and calming bells on the formation of student character with an effect of 48.4%.</em></p> Fanny Taslim I Putu Wisna Ariawan I Gusti Ketut Arya Sunu Copyright (c) 2023 Fanny Taslim, I Putu Wisna Ariawan, I Gusti Ketut Arya Sunu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 2023-12-31 2023-12-31 14 2 202 209 10.23887/jurnal_ap.v14i2.1860 The Contribution of Leadership, Work Environment, Work Discipline, and Work Ethics to Employee Performance in the Faculty of Engineering and Vocational Education, Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha. https://ejournal2.undiksha.ac.id/index.php/jurnal_ap/article/view/1852 <p><em>This study aims to 1) analyze how much leadership contributes to employee performance in the Undiksha Faculty of Engineering and Vocational environment, 2) analyze how much the work environment contributes to employee performance in the Undiksha Faculty of Engineering and Vocational environment, 3) analyze how much work discipline contributes to employee performance in the Undiksha Faculty of Engineering and Vocational environment, 4) analyze how much the work ethic contributes to employee performance in the Undiksha Faculty of Engineering and Vocational environment, 5) analyze how much the contribution of leadership, work environment, work discipline, and work ethic to employee performance in Undiksha Faculty of Engineering and Vocational. This research is a non-treatment or ex-post facto research because it does not treat the variables and only takes data directly. The population in this study were all employees in the Faculty of Engineering and Vocational Education at the Ganesha University of Education, consisting of 33 people. This study used the sampling method of saturated sampling so that the sample in this study was 33 people. data collection used is a questionnaire method. The data obtained were analyzed using multiple regression analysis techniques and then continued with the determinant test. The results of the study show that 1) There is a significant contribution of leadership to employee performance in the Undiksha Faculty of Engineering and Vocational environment, 2) There is a significant contribution of the work environment to employee performance in the Undiksha Faculty of Engineering and Vocational environment, 3) There is a significant contribution of work discipline on employee performance in the Undiksha Faculty of Engineering and Vocational environment, 4) There is a significant contribution of work ethic to employee performance in the Undiksha Faculty of Engineering and Vocational environment, 5) There is a significant contribution of leadership, work environment, work discipline, and work ethic to employee performance in the Faculty of Engineering and Vocational Undiksha.</em></p> K. Ary Trisnayanti I Gusti Ayu Purnamawati I Gusti Ketut Arya Sunu Copyright (c) 2023 K. Ary Trisnayanti, I Gusti Ayu Purnamawati, I Gusti Ketut Arya Sunu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 2023-12-31 2023-12-31 14 2 210 218 10.23887/jurnal_ap.v14i2.1852 Evaluation Study of the Effectiveness of the Personnel Management System (SIMPEG) for Teachers with Civil Servant Status (PNS) in Abiansemal District, Badung Regency https://ejournal2.undiksha.ac.id/index.php/jurnal_ap/article/view/1859 <p><em>This study aims to 1) determine the effectiveness of the Personnel Management Information System (Simpeg) for Teachers with Civil Servant Status (PNS) in Abiansemal District, Badung Regency and 2) find out what factors influence the effectiveness of the Personnel Management Information System (Simpeg) for Teachers Has the status of a Civil Servant (PNS) in Abiansemal District, Badung Regency. This research is an evaluation research with CIPP design (Context, Input, Process, Product). The population used in this study were teachers with civil servant status (PNS) in Abiansemal District, Badung Regency, totaling 537 teachers ranging from elementary, junior high and DPK teachers. While the sample used in this study used a random sampling technique, the minimum number of samples that must be used in this study was 226. The data collection method used in this study was a questionnaire and documentation method. The data analysis method used in this study is a quantitative descriptive analysis method. To determine the effectiveness of the raw score data transformed into Z-scores then into T-Scores then verified into the Glickman Quadrant. Based on the research that has been done, the results show that: 1) The effectiveness of the Personnel Management System (SIMPEG) for Teachers with Civil Servant Status (PNS) in Abiansemal District, Badung Regency, in terms of context, obtained effective results (+), 2) Effectiveness of the Personnel Management System (SIMPEG) For Teachers with Civil Servant Status (PNS) in Abiansemal District, Badung Regency, in terms of input, effective results are obtained (+), 3) Effectiveness of the Personnel Management System (SIMPEG) for Teachers with Civil Servant Status (PNS) in Abiansemal District, Regency Badung in terms of process obtained effective results (+), 4) Effectiveness of the Personnel Management System (SIMPEG) for Teachers with Civil Servant Status (PNS) in Abiansemal District, Badung Regency in terms of product obtained effective results (+), and 5) Results joint evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Personnel Management System (SIMPEG) for Teachers with Civil Servant Status (PN S) in Abiansemal District, Badung Regency, seen from the context, input, process and product aspects, effective results were obtained (+ + + +).</em></p> Putu Yurika Pradnya Sasmitha Kadek Rihendra Dantes Basilius Redan Werang Copyright (c) 2023 Putu Yurika Pradnya Sasmitha, Kadek Rihendra Dantes; Basilius Redan Werang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 2023-12-31 2023-12-31 14 2 219 227 10.23887/jurnal_ap.v14i2.1859 Evaluation Study of Education Cost Management at SMA Negeri 2 Mengwi https://ejournal2.undiksha.ac.id/index.php/jurnal_ap/article/view/1854 <p><em>This study aims to evaluate the implementation of education cost management at SMA Negeri 2 Mengwi for the 2021 academic year. The research design chosen in this study is an evaluative research design using the CIPP model (Context, Input, Process, Product). The population in this research is students, teaching staff and other educational staff at SMA Negeri 2 Mengwi in 2022, totaling 120 people. While the sample used in this study were 92 people. Context, input, process, product data in this study were collected using a questionnaire using a Likert scale of 1-5. The data analysis method used in this study is a quantitative descriptive analysis method. To determine the effectiveness of implementing the management of educational costs at SMA Negeri 2 Mengwi for the 2021 academic year, the raw scores were transformed into Z-scores, then into T-scores, then verified into the Glickman Quadrant prototype. Based on the research that has been done, the results show that: 1) the effectiveness of managing the costs of education in SMA Negeri 2 Mengwi in terms of the context, the results are effective (+), 2) the effectiveness of managing the costs of education in SMA Negeri 2 Mengwi, in terms of the input, the results are effective (+ ), 3) the effectiveness of managing educational costs for SMA Negeri 2 Mengwi in terms of the process obtained effective results (+), 4) the effectiveness of managing educational costs for SMA Negeri 2 Mengwi in terms of product obtained effective results (+), 5) the results of joint evaluation -the same with respect to the management of educational costs for SMA Negeri 2 Mengwi in terms of context, input, process, product, very effective results (+ + + +). </em></p> Nyoman Rara Widayani Astra Kadek Rihendra Dantes I Wayan Widiana Copyright (c) 2023 Nyoman Rara Widayani Astra, Kadek Rihendra Dantes, I Wayan Widiana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 2023-12-31 2023-12-31 14 2 228 236 10.23887/jurnal_ap.v14i2.1854 Contribution of Education Service Quality, School Image, School Culture and Education Costs to Students' Decisions to Continue Education to Private High Schools in Buleleng District. https://ejournal2.undiksha.ac.id/index.php/jurnal_ap/article/view/1861 <p><em>This study aims to 1) find out how much the quality of education services contributes to students' decisions to continue their education to private high schools in the Buleleng sub-district, 2) find out how much the school's image contributes to students' decisions to continue their education to private high schools in the Buleleng sub-district, 3) find out how the large contribution of school culture to students' decisions to continue their education to private high schools in the Buleleng sub-district, </em><em>4</em><em>) find out how much the contribution of education costs to students' decisions to continue their education to private high schools in the Buleleng sub-district, </em><em>5</em><em>) find out how the quality of education services, school image, school culture contributes, and the cost of education on students' decisions to continue their education to private high schools in the Buleleng sub-district. In this regard, the study was designed as a quantitative study using a sample of 73 people from a population of 731 private high school students. Sampling members using proportionate stratified random sampling</em><em> technique. The independent variables in this study are the quality of education services, school image, school culture and education costs. While the dependent variable is the student's decision. Data was collected using the questionnaire method which was then analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that: (1) there was a significant contribution to the quality of education services to student decisions by 34.6%, (2) there was a significant contribution to school image to student decisions by -12.97%, (3) there was a significant contribution to culture schools to student decisions by 47,9%, (4) there is a significant contribution of education costs to student decisions by 30% and (5) there is a significant contribution simultaneously between the quality of education services, school image, school culture and education costs on student decision making by 81.2% and the remaining 18.8% is explained by other variables outside the research. </em></p> Luh Eka Wahyuni I Gusti Ketut Arya Sunu I Putu Wisna Ariawan Copyright (c) 2023 Luh Eka Wahyuni, I Gusti Ketut Arya Sunu, I Putu Wisna Ariawan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 2023-12-31 2023-12-31 14 2 237 246 10.23887/jurnal_ap.v14i2.1861 Evaluation Study of Strengthening Character Education Based on Local Wisdom in Harapan Nusantara Middle School Students Denpasar https://ejournal2.undiksha.ac.id/index.php/jurnal_ap/article/view/1863 <p><em>This study aims to evaluate the strengthening of&nbsp; character education based on local wisdom for students of SMP Harapan Nusantara Denpasar. This research is ex-post facto research with CIPP design (Context, Input, Process, Product). The population used in this study were students of SMP Harapan Nusantara Denpasar class VII–IX with 346 students. While the sample used in this study was 186 students. The data collection method used in this study was a questionnaire using a Likert scale of 1-5. The data analysis method used in this study is a quantitative descriptive analysis method. To determine the effectiveness of the raw score data transformed into Z-scores then into T-Scores then </em><em>verified into the Glickman Quadrant. Based on the research that has been done, the results show that:</em> <em>1) The effectiveness of strengthening local wisdom-based character education for Harapan Nusantara Denpasar Middle School students in terms of the context obtained effective results (+), 2) The effectiveness of strengthening local wisdom-based character education for Harapan Nusantara Middle School students Denpasar in terms of input obtained effective results (+), 3) The effectiveness of strengthening &nbsp;local &nbsp;wisdom-based &nbsp;character &nbsp;education &nbsp;for &nbsp;Harapan &nbsp;Nusantara &nbsp;Denpasar &nbsp;Middle </em><em>School students in terms of the process obtained less effective results (-), 4) The effectiveness of strengthening local wisdom-based character education for students Harapan Nusantara Middle School Denpasar in terms of product obtained effective results (+), 5) The results of a joint evaluation of strengthening local wisdom-based character education for Harapan Nusantara Denpasar&nbsp; Middle School students in terms of context, input, process and product obtained effective results (+ + - +).</em></p> Uttami Wijayanti Kadek Rihendra Dantes Basilius Redan Werang Copyright (c) 2023 Uttami Wijayanti, Kadek Rihendra Dantes, Basilius Redan Werang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 2023-12-31 2023-12-31 14 2 247 255 10.23887/jurnal_ap.v14i2.1863 The Contribution of Leadership Style, Work Motivation, Work Climate and Job Satisfaction To Employee Performance in The Undiksha Akpk Environment. Thesis. Departement of education Administration. https://ejournal2.undiksha.ac.id/index.php/jurnal_ap/article/view/1856 <p><em>This study aims to 1) analyze the contribution of leadership style to employee performance in the AKPK Undiksha environment, 2) analyze the contribution of work motivation to employee performance in the AKPK Undiksha environment, 3) analyze the contribution of the work climate to employee performance in the AKPK Undiksha environment, 4) analyze the contribution job satisfaction on employee performance in Undiksha AKPK environment, 5) analyze the contribution of leadership style, work motivation, work climate and job satisfaction to employee performance in Undiksha AKPK environment simultaneously. This research is an ex post-facto research. The population which is also the sample in this study are all employees in the Undiksha AKPK environment, totaling 40 employees. The independent variables in this study are leadership style, work motivation, work climate and job satisfaction, while the dependent variable is employee performance. The data collection method used in this study was a questionnaire. Data analysis used in this study is multiple regression and partial correlation. Based on the research that has been done, it is concluded that: 1) there is a significant contribution of leadership style to employee performance in the Undiksha AKPK environment, 2) there is a significant contribution of work motivation to employee performance in the Undiksha AKPK environment, 3) there is a significant contribution to the work climate employee performance in Undiksha AKPK environment, 4) there is a significant contribution of job satisfaction to employee performance in Undiksha AKPK environment, and 5) there is a simultaneous significant contribution of leadership style, work motivation, work climate and job satisfaction to employee performance in Undiksha AKPK environment</em>.</p> Luh Rini Natarini Kadek Rihendra Dantes Ni Luh Gede Erni Sulindawati Copyright (c) 2023 Luh Rini Natarini, Kadek Rihendra Dantes, Ni Luh Gede Erni Sulindawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 2023-12-31 2023-12-31 14 2 256 264 10.23887/jurnal_ap.v14i2.1856 The Effect of Applying the Problem Based Learning Learning Model with the Help of Trainers and Teacher Pedagogic Competence on Student Learning Outcomes in Class XI TITL Electric Motor Installation Subject at SMK Negeri 1 Denpasar https://ejournal2.undiksha.ac.id/index.php/jurnal_ap/article/view/1984 <p><em>This study aims to determine the effect of the learning modelProblem Based Learning with the help of trainers and teacher pedagogic competencies on student learning outcomes in the subject of Class XI TITL Electrical Motor Installation at SMK Negeri 1 Denpasar. This type of research is included in the type of researchpre-experiment. The population in this study amounted to 44 people. The sample in this study were 40 people who were determined by techniquesimple random sampling. &nbsp;Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires and conductingpretest before experiment andposttest after carrying out the experiment. Data analysis was performed using a one-way covariance analysis technique. The results of the study show that: (1) there is a significant influence from the application of the learning modelProblem Based Learning at the price of F</em><em><sub>count</sub></em><em>= 280.382, p = 0.000. (2) After the pedagogic competence is controlled, there is a significant influence from the application of the learning modelProblem Based Learning with the help of a trainer indicated by price F</em><em><sub>count</sub></em><em>=294.285, p=0.000.</em><em>&nbsp;</em></p> Ni Komang Ayu Sundari Anak Agung Gede Agung I Wayan Widiana Copyright (c) 2023 Ni Komang Ayu Sundari, Anak Agung Gede Agung, I Wayan Widiana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 2023-12-31 2023-12-31 14 2 265 276 10.23887/jurnal_ap.v14i2.1984