Sumber Stres dan Derajat Stres Siswa di Tahun Pertama Pandemi COVID-19
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Abstract
Siswa kelas XII dikhawatirkan menghadapi berbagai tantangan dan tuntutan yang semakin bertambah di tengah pandemi COVID-19. Berbagai tantangan dan tuntutan ini dapat mengarahkan siswa pada kondisi stressful. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan sumber stres dan derajat stres siswa kelas XII. Total partisipan dalam penelitian ini sejumlah 108 orang dengan rentang usia 16-18 tahun. Pengukuran dilakukan melalui Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen et al., 1983) dan open-ended questions berdasarkan konsep teori Lazarus & Folkman (1984). Instrumen tersebut diolah dengan menggunakan SPSS versi 22 dan thematic analysis. Hasil menunjukkan 75% respon dari partisipan mengungkapkan bahwa sumber stres yang mereka hadapi berasal dari akademik, yakni berkaitan dengan proses belajar mengajar, ujian, dan perencanaan studi. Sebanyak 74% partisipan berada pada derajat stres sedang, 24% dengan derajat stres tinggi, dan hanya 2% dengan derajat stres rendah. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh diperlukan suatu program yang membantu siswa menghadapi situasi stres dan mencegah kondisi psikologis negatif tidak diinginkan.
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References
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Bryan, J., Moore-Thomas, C., Gaenzle, S., Kim, J., Lin, C.-H., & Na, G. (2012). The Effects of School Bonding on High School Seniors’ Academic Achievement. Journal of Counseling & Development, 90(4), 467–480. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6676.2012.00058.x
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Hariyanto, D. D., Dewi, E. I., & Susumaningrum, L. A. (2014). Hubungan Persepsi tentang Kesesuaian Harapan Orang Tua dengan Diri dalam Pilihan Studi Lanjut dengan Tingkat Stres pada Siswa Kelas XII di Kabupaten Jember. E-Journal Pustaka Kesehatan, 2(1), 1–7. Retrieved from https://jurnal.unej.ac.id/index.php/JPK/article/view/608
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Hidayat, D., Anisti, A., Purwadhi, P., & Wibawa, D. (2020). Crisis Management and Communication Experience in Education during the COVID – 19 Pandemic in Indonesia. Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication, 36(3), 67–82. https://doi.org/10.17576/JKMJC-2020-3603-05
Hidayat, R. (2020, September 10). Stres, Burnout, Jenuh: Problem Siswa Belajar Daring Selama COVID-19. Retrieved from https://tirto.id/stres-burnout-jenuh-problem-siswa-belajar-daring-selama-covid-19-f3ZZ
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Kasus Covid-19 Pertama, Masyarakat Jangan Panik. (2020, Maret 2). Retrieved from https://indonesia.go.id/narasi/indonesia-dalam-angka/ekonomi/kasus-covid-19-pertama-masyarakat-jangan-panik
Kowalski, M., & Christensen, A. L. (2019). “No One Wants to Be a Loser”: High School Students’ Perceptions of Academic Competition. Mid-Western Educational Researcher, 31(4), 389–406. Retrieved from https://mwera.org/MWER/volumes/v31/issue4/V31n4-Kowalski-FEATURE-ARTICLE.pdf
Laveda, M. (2020, Juli 13). Keluhan Siswa Belajar Jarak Jauh. Retreieved from https://www.republika.id/posts/8502/keluhan-siswa-belajar-jarak-jauh
Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, Appraisal, and Coping. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company, Inc.
Liem, A., Onggowijoyo, R., Santoso, E., Kurniastuti, I., & Yuniarti, K. (2015). Exploring stressful live events on Indonesian adolescents. In T. Hamamura, R. Pe-Pua, Faturochman, R. B. King, A. Supratiknya, & K. W. Yuniarti (Eds.), PROCEEDINGS OF THE 10th ASIAN ASSOCIATION OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BIENNIAL CONFERENCE (pp. 75–95). Yogyakarta, Indonesia: Center for Indigenous and Cultural Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Retrieved from https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:603267
Magklara, K., Bellos, S., Niakas, D., Stylianidis, S., Kolaitis, G., Mavreas, V., & Skapinakis, P. (2015). Depression in late adolescence: A cross-sectional study in senior high schools in Greece. BMC Psychiatry, 15(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-015-0584-9
Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia. (2020). Surat Edaran Nomor 4 Tahun 2020 tentang Pelaksanaan Kebijakan Pendidikan dalam Masa Darurat Penyebaran Coronavirus Disease [COVID-19]. Indonesia: Author.
Mheidly, N., Fares, M. Y., & Fares, J. (2020). Coping With Stress and Burnout Associated With Telecommunication and Online Learning. Frontiers in Public Health, 8(November). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.574969
Santrock, J. W. (2018). Life-span development 7th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Shaheen, F., & Jahan, M. (2014). Role of social support in combating psychological distress among senior secondary school students. Indian Journal of Positive Psychology, 5(2), 163–168. https://doi.org/10.15614/ijpp/2014/v5i2/52979
Susilawati, S., Falefi, R., & Purwoko, A. (2020). Impact of COVID-19’s Pandemic on the Economy of Indonesia. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences, 3(2), 1147–1156. https://doi.org/10.33258/birci.v3i2.954
Taufik, T., & Ifdil, I. (2013). Kondisi Stres Akademik Siswa SMA Negeri di Kota Padang. Jurnal Konseling Dan Pendidikan, 1(2), 143. https://doi.org/10.29210/12200
Walburg, V. (2014). Burnout among high school students: A literature review. Children and Youth Services Review, 42, 28–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2014.03.020
Wiguna, T., Anindyajati, G., Kaligis, F., Ismail, R. I., Minayati, K., Hanafi, E., … Pradana, K. (2020). Brief Research Report on Adolescent Mental Well-Being and School Closures During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11(November), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.598756
Yuzulia, I. (2021). The Challenges of Online Learning during Pandemic: Students’ Voice. Wanastra: Jurnal Bahasa Dan Sastra, 13(1), 08–12. https://doi.org/10.31294/w.v13i1.9759
Zarrett, N., & Eccles, J. (2006). The passage to adulthood: Challenges of late adolescence. New Directions for Youth Development, 2006(111), 13–28. https://doi.org/10.1002/yd.179
Batubara, B. M. (2021). The Problems of the World of Education in the Middle of the Covid-19 Pandemic. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences, 4(1), 450–457. https://doi.org/10.33258/birci.v4i1.1626
Bestiantono, D. S., Agustina, P. Z. R., & Cheng, T.-H. (2020). How Students’ Perspectives about Online Learning Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic? Studies in Learning and Teaching, 1(3), 133–139. https://doi.org/10.46627/silet.v1i3.46
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Bryan, J., Moore-Thomas, C., Gaenzle, S., Kim, J., Lin, C.-H., & Na, G. (2012). The Effects of School Bonding on High School Seniors’ Academic Achievement. Journal of Counseling & Development, 90(4), 467–480. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6676.2012.00058.x
Celik, B., & Dane, S. (2020). The effects of COVID-19 Pandemic Outbreak on Food Consumption Preferences and Their Causes. Journal of Research in Medical and Dental Science, 8(3), 169–173. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Bilal-Celik-2/publication/341678973_The_effects_of_COVID_-_19_Pandemic_Outbreak_on_Food_Consumption_Preferences_and_Their_Causes/links/5ece6881299bf1c67d206069/The-effects-of-COVID-19-Pandemic-Outbreak-on-Food-Consumpt
Churiyah, M., Sholikhan, S., Filianti, F., & Sakdiyyah, D. A. (2020). Indonesia Education Readiness Conducting Distance Learning in Covid-19 Pandemic Situation. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 7(6), 491. https://doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v7i6.1833
Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983). A Global Measure of Perceived Stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24(4), 385. https://doi.org/10.2307/2136404
Deb, S., Strodl, E., & Sun, J. (2015). Academic Stress, Parental Pressure, Anxiety and Mental Health among Indian High School Students. International Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, 2015(1), 26–34. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.ijpbs.20150501.04
Eccles, J. S., & Roeser, R. W. (2011). Schools as Developmental Contexts During Adolescence. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 21(1), 225–241. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-7795.2010.00725.x
Ellis, W. E., Dumas, T. M., & Forbes, L. M. (2020). Physically isolated but socially connected: Psychological adjustment and stress among adolescents during the initial COVID-19 crisis. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science / Revue Canadienne Des Sciences Du Comportement, 52(3), 177–187. https://doi.org/10.1037/cbs0000215
Giannopoulou, I., Efstathiou, V., Triantafyllou, G., Korkoliakou, P., & Douzenis, A. (2021). Adding stress to the stressed: Senior high school students’ mental health amidst the COVID-19 nationwide lockdown in Greece. Psychiatry Research, 295(January), 113560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113560
Hariyanto, D. D., Dewi, E. I., & Susumaningrum, L. A. (2014). Hubungan Persepsi tentang Kesesuaian Harapan Orang Tua dengan Diri dalam Pilihan Studi Lanjut dengan Tingkat Stres pada Siswa Kelas XII di Kabupaten Jember. E-Journal Pustaka Kesehatan, 2(1), 1–7. Retrieved from https://jurnal.unej.ac.id/index.php/JPK/article/view/608
Hasni, N.I. (2016). Kebermanfaatan Cognitive Behavioral Stress Management dalam Menurunkan Psychological Distress pada Penyitas Kanker Payudara (Master's thesis). Universitas Padjadjaran, Fakultas Psikologi, Bandung, Indonesia.
Hidayat, D., Anisti, A., Purwadhi, P., & Wibawa, D. (2020). Crisis Management and Communication Experience in Education during the COVID – 19 Pandemic in Indonesia. Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication, 36(3), 67–82. https://doi.org/10.17576/JKMJC-2020-3603-05
Hidayat, R. (2020, September 10). Stres, Burnout, Jenuh: Problem Siswa Belajar Daring Selama COVID-19. Retrieved from https://tirto.id/stres-burnout-jenuh-problem-siswa-belajar-daring-selama-covid-19-f3ZZ
Ifdil, I., Putri, Y. E., & Amalianita, B. (2020). Stress and anxiety among adolescents, during the covid-19 outbreak. Konselor, 9(4), 174. https://doi.org/10.24036/0202094111941-0-00
Kasus Covid-19 Pertama, Masyarakat Jangan Panik. (2020, Maret 2). Retrieved from https://indonesia.go.id/narasi/indonesia-dalam-angka/ekonomi/kasus-covid-19-pertama-masyarakat-jangan-panik
Kowalski, M., & Christensen, A. L. (2019). “No One Wants to Be a Loser”: High School Students’ Perceptions of Academic Competition. Mid-Western Educational Researcher, 31(4), 389–406. Retrieved from https://mwera.org/MWER/volumes/v31/issue4/V31n4-Kowalski-FEATURE-ARTICLE.pdf
Laveda, M. (2020, Juli 13). Keluhan Siswa Belajar Jarak Jauh. Retreieved from https://www.republika.id/posts/8502/keluhan-siswa-belajar-jarak-jauh
Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, Appraisal, and Coping. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company, Inc.
Liem, A., Onggowijoyo, R., Santoso, E., Kurniastuti, I., & Yuniarti, K. (2015). Exploring stressful live events on Indonesian adolescents. In T. Hamamura, R. Pe-Pua, Faturochman, R. B. King, A. Supratiknya, & K. W. Yuniarti (Eds.), PROCEEDINGS OF THE 10th ASIAN ASSOCIATION OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BIENNIAL CONFERENCE (pp. 75–95). Yogyakarta, Indonesia: Center for Indigenous and Cultural Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Retrieved from https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:603267
Magklara, K., Bellos, S., Niakas, D., Stylianidis, S., Kolaitis, G., Mavreas, V., & Skapinakis, P. (2015). Depression in late adolescence: A cross-sectional study in senior high schools in Greece. BMC Psychiatry, 15(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-015-0584-9
Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia. (2020). Surat Edaran Nomor 4 Tahun 2020 tentang Pelaksanaan Kebijakan Pendidikan dalam Masa Darurat Penyebaran Coronavirus Disease [COVID-19]. Indonesia: Author.
Mheidly, N., Fares, M. Y., & Fares, J. (2020). Coping With Stress and Burnout Associated With Telecommunication and Online Learning. Frontiers in Public Health, 8(November). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.574969
Santrock, J. W. (2018). Life-span development 7th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Shaheen, F., & Jahan, M. (2014). Role of social support in combating psychological distress among senior secondary school students. Indian Journal of Positive Psychology, 5(2), 163–168. https://doi.org/10.15614/ijpp/2014/v5i2/52979
Susilawati, S., Falefi, R., & Purwoko, A. (2020). Impact of COVID-19’s Pandemic on the Economy of Indonesia. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences, 3(2), 1147–1156. https://doi.org/10.33258/birci.v3i2.954
Taufik, T., & Ifdil, I. (2013). Kondisi Stres Akademik Siswa SMA Negeri di Kota Padang. Jurnal Konseling Dan Pendidikan, 1(2), 143. https://doi.org/10.29210/12200
Walburg, V. (2014). Burnout among high school students: A literature review. Children and Youth Services Review, 42, 28–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2014.03.020
Wiguna, T., Anindyajati, G., Kaligis, F., Ismail, R. I., Minayati, K., Hanafi, E., … Pradana, K. (2020). Brief Research Report on Adolescent Mental Well-Being and School Closures During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11(November), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.598756
Yuzulia, I. (2021). The Challenges of Online Learning during Pandemic: Students’ Voice. Wanastra: Jurnal Bahasa Dan Sastra, 13(1), 08–12. https://doi.org/10.31294/w.v13i1.9759
Zarrett, N., & Eccles, J. (2006). The passage to adulthood: Challenges of late adolescence. New Directions for Youth Development, 2006(111), 13–28. https://doi.org/10.1002/yd.179